{"id":96668,"date":"2022-06-08T14:22:09","date_gmt":"2022-06-08T13:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/?p=96668"},"modified":"2024-12-19T09:05:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T08:05:17","slug":"bolezni-in-skodljivci-rastlin-jih-poznate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/nasveti\/bolezni-in-skodljivci-rastlin-jih-poznate\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin \u2013 jih poznate?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"96668\" class=\"elementor elementor-96668\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c1b4a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c1b4a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc17b07\" data-id=\"cc17b07\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5edcaa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5edcaa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin so no\u010dna mora vsakega vrtnarja in vrtnarke. V nasvetu smo predstavili razli\u010dne bolezni in \u0161kodljivce, ki prizadenejo listne vrtnine, korenovke, plodovke in stro\u010dnice, okrasne rastline in sadno drevje.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b40787d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b40787d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf18c6\" data-id=\"1bf18c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355d493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"355d493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zdrave rastline so temelj uspe\u0161nega vrtnarjenja in kmetijstva. Vendar pa so rastline pogosto tar\u010da \u0161tevilnih bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev, ki lahko resno ogrozijo njihove pridelke in vitalnost. Prepoznavanje znakov bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev je klju\u010dno za pravo\u010dasno ukrepanje in prepre\u010devanje obse\u017ene \u0161kode.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1fe37b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1fe37b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73ce8bb\" data-id=\"73ce8bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36e4d8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36e4d8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Bolezni rastlin<\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.si\/podrocja\/kmetijstvo-gozdarstvo-in-prehrana\/varstvo-rastlin\/zdravje-rastlin\/bolezni-in-skodljivci-rastlin\/\">Bolezni rastlin<\/a> so motnje, ki jih povzro\u010dajo <strong>patogeni<\/strong> (kot so glive, bakterije, virusi in nematode) ali <strong>nepatogeni dejavniki<\/strong> (kot so okoljski pogoji, pomanjkanje hranil ali mehanske po\u0161kodbe). Te bolezni lahko resno vplivajo na rast, razvoj in pridelke rastlin. Tukaj so glavne skupine bolezni rastlin:<\/p><p><strong>Glivi\u010dne bolezni<\/strong>, <strong>bakterijske bolezni<\/strong>, <strong>virusne bolezni<\/strong>, <strong>bolezni, ki jih povzro\u010dajo nematode ter<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Nepatogeni dejavniki<\/strong>:<\/p><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><ul><li><strong>Pomanjkanje hranil<\/strong>: Povzro\u010da simptome kot so rumenenje listov (kloroza), slaba rast in deformacije.<\/li><li><strong>Okoljski stres<\/strong>: Prekomerna ali pomanjkljiva voda, ekstremne temperature, onesna\u017eenost zraka ali tal.<\/li><li><strong>Mehanske po\u0161kodbe<\/strong>: Po\u0161kodbe, ki jih povzro\u010dajo \u017eu\u017eelke, \u017eivali ali \u010dlove\u0161ka dejavnost.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><p>Za prepre\u010devanje in zdravljenje bolezni rastlin je pomembno upo\u0161tevati dobre kmetijske prakse, vklju\u010dno z rotacijo pridelkov, uporabo odpornih sort, pravilnim namakanjem in uporabo ustreznih pesticidov ali fungicidov.<\/p><h3>Prepre\u010devanje in obvladovanje bolezni<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Uporaba odpornih sort<\/strong>: Sejanje sort, ki so odporne na dolo\u010dene bolezni.<\/li><li><strong>Kolobarjenje<\/strong>: Menjava pridelkov na isti povr\u0161ini zmanj\u0161uje mo\u017enost kopi\u010denja patogenov v tleh.<\/li><li><strong>Ustrezna razdalja sajenja<\/strong>: Zagotavlja dobro kro\u017eenje zraka in zmanj\u0161uje vla\u017enost, ki je potrebna za razvoj bolezni.<\/li><li><strong>Odstranjevanje oku\u017eenih rastlin<\/strong>: Takoj odstranite in uni\u010dite oku\u017eene rastline, da prepre\u010dite \u0161irjenje bolezni.<\/li><li><strong>Uporaba ustreznih fitofarmacevtskih sredstev<\/strong>: Pravilna uporaba fungicidov, baktericidov ali drugih za\u0161\u010ditnih sredstev v skladu z navodili.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-857f774 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"857f774\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24db10d\" data-id=\"24db10d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8abe280 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8abe280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u0160kodljivci rastlin<\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.si\/podrocja\/kmetijstvo-gozdarstvo-in-prehrana\/varstvo-rastlin\/zdravje-rastlin\/bolezni-in-skodljivci-rastlin\/\">\u0160kodljivci rastlin<\/a> so organizmi, ki napadajo rastline, povzro\u010dajo \u0161kodo in lahko bistveno zmanj\u0161ajo pridelke. Ti organizmi se <strong>prehranjujejo z razli\u010dnimi deli rastlin<\/strong>, vklju\u010dno s koreninami, stebli, listi, cvetovi in plodovi. \u0160kodljivci rastlin vklju\u010dujejo razli\u010dne vrste insektov, pr\u0161ic, pol\u017eev in glodavcev.<\/p><p>Tukaj so glavne skupine \u0161kodljivcev rastlin:<\/p><p><strong>Insekti (\u017eu\u017eelke)<\/strong>, <strong>pr\u0161ice<\/strong>, <strong>pol\u017ei z hi\u0161ico in pol\u017ei brez hi\u0161ice<\/strong>, <strong>glodavci<\/strong>, <strong>nematoide (ogor\u010dice).<\/strong><\/p><h3>Prepre\u010devanje in obvladovanje \u0161kodljivcev<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Kolobarjenje<\/strong>: Menjava pridelkov na isti povr\u0161ini zmanj\u0161uje mo\u017enost kopi\u010denja specifi\u010dnih \u0161kodljivcev, ki napadajo dolo\u010dene vrste rastlin.<\/li><li><strong>Uporaba odpornih sort<\/strong>: Izbira sort, ki so naravno odporne proti dolo\u010denim \u0161kodljivcem, lahko znatno zmanj\u0161a pojavnost teh \u0161kodljivcev.<\/li><li><strong>Sajenje spremljevalnih rastlin<\/strong>: Nekatere rastline lahko odganjajo \u0161kodljivce ali privabljajo koristne insekte. Na primer, ognji\u010d lahko odganja nekatere \u0161kodljivce, medtem ko cvetlice, kot so koprc, privabljajo plenilske \u017eu\u017eelke.<\/li><li><strong>Ohranjanje zdravega talnega ekosistema<\/strong>: Uporaba komposta in organske snovi izbolj\u0161uje zdravje tal in podpira koristne mikroorganizme ter \u017eu\u017eelke, ki pomagajo obvladovati \u0161kodljivce.<\/li><li><strong>Biolo\u0161ke metode<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Naravni plenilci in parazitoidi<\/strong>: Uvajanje ali spodbujanje naravnih sovra\u017enikov \u0161kodljivcev, kot so pikapolonice, parazitske ose in plenilske pr\u0161ice.<\/li><li><strong>Mikrobni insekticidi<\/strong>: Uporaba bakterij (npr. Bacillus thuringiensis), gliv ali virusov, ki napadajo in uni\u010dujejo \u0161kodljivce.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mehanske metode<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Ro\u010dno odstranjevanje<\/strong>: Pobiranje in uni\u010devanje \u0161kodljivcev, kot so gosenice in pol\u017ei, z rokami.<\/li><li><strong>Pasti in ovire<\/strong>: Uporaba lepljivih pasti, feromonskih pasti in fizi\u010dnih ovir, kot so mre\u017ee, za prepre\u010devanje dostopa \u0161kodljivcev do rastlin.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ace9976 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ace9976\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e5f672\" data-id=\"7e5f672\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc3ce72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc3ce72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/japonski-hrosc.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-155691\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/japonski-hrosc.jpg 800w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/japonski-hrosc-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/japonski-hrosc-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/japonski-hrosc-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Japonski hro\u0161\u010d je invazivna vrsta hro\u0161\u010da, ki napada \u0161irok spekter rastlin, vklju\u010dno z vrtnicami, trto, sadnim drevjem in travo.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b3be5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b3be5a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8cd0ad8\" data-id=\"8cd0ad8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-418f664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"418f664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Kako ukrepati pred napadom bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev na rastlinah?<\/h2><p>Za obvladovanje \u0161kodljivcev rastlin se uporabljajo razli\u010dne metode, vklju\u010dno z biolo\u0161kimi, kemijskimi in kulturnimi pristopi. Biolo\u0161ki pristopi vklju\u010dujejo uporabo <strong>naravnih sovra\u017enikov \u0161kodljivcev<\/strong> (npr. plenilcev, parazitoidov), kemijski pristopi vklju\u010dujejo uporabo <strong>pesticidov<\/strong>, kulturni pristopi pa vklju\u010dujejo dobre kmetijske prakse, kot so <strong>kolobarjenje<\/strong>, <strong>pravilno namakanje<\/strong> in <strong>sajenje odpornih sort<\/strong>.<\/p><p>U\u010dinkovito obvladovanje <strong>bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev rastlin<\/strong> je klju\u010dno za zdravje rastlin in uspe\u0161no kmetijsko pridelavo. Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin predstavljajo resno gro\u017enjo za pridelke, kakovost hrane in gospodarsko stabilnost kmetijstva. Zato je pomembno, da pridelovalci rastlin uporabljajo celovit pristop k za\u0161\u010diti rastlin, ki vklju\u010duje preventivne ukrepe, zgodnje odkrivanje in pravo\u010dasno ukrepanje.<\/p><h3>Preventivni ukrepi<\/h3><p>Prvi korak k obvladovanju bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev rastlin je <strong>prepre\u010devanje njihovega pojava<\/strong>. Uporaba <strong>kakovostnega semenskega materiala<\/strong> in <strong>sajenje odpornih sort rastlin<\/strong> lahko znatno zmanj\u0161a tveganje za oku\u017ebo in napad \u0161kodljivcev. Redno vzdr\u017eevanje \u010disto\u010de v rastlinjakih in na poljih, odstranjevanje oku\u017eenih rastlin ter nadzor nad pleveli lahko prav tako prepre\u010di \u0161irjenje bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev.<\/p><h3>Dobro kmetijsko prakso<\/h3><p><strong>Kolobarjenje<\/strong> ali <strong>menjavanje pridelkov na isti povr\u0161ini<\/strong> zmanj\u0161uje mo\u017enost kopi\u010denja patogenov in \u0161kodljivcev, ki se specializirajo za dolo\u010dene vrste rastlin. Ustrezna <strong>uporaba gnojil<\/strong> in <strong>pravilno namakanje<\/strong> prispevata k mo\u010dnim in zdravim rastlinam, ki so bolj odporne na bolezni in \u0161kodljivce. Zdrave rastline so manj dovzetne za stresne dejavnike in lahko bolje prenesejo napade \u0161kodljivcev.<\/p><h3>Zgodnje odkrivanje in spremljanje<\/h3><p>Redno spremljanje stanja rastlin je klju\u010dnega pomena za <strong>zgodnje odkrivanje<\/strong> bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev. Vizualni pregledi rastlin, uporaba pasti za \u0161kodljivce in laboratorijske analize lahko pomagajo pri hitrem prepoznavanju te\u017eav. Zgodnje ukrepanje omogo\u010da, da se problemi re\u0161ujejo, preden povzro\u010dijo obse\u017eno \u0161kodo.<\/p><h3>Integrirano varstvo rastlin<\/h3><p><strong>Integrirano varstvo rastlin<\/strong> (IPM) je trajnostni pristop, ki zdru\u017euje biolo\u0161ke, kulturne, mehanske in kemi\u010dne metode za obvladovanje bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev. Biolo\u0161ki nadzor vklju\u010duje uporabo naravnih sovra\u017enikov \u0161kodljivcev, kot so plenilci, parazitoidi in patogeni. Kemi\u010dni nadzor se uporablja le kot zadnja mo\u017enost in na na\u010din, ki minimizira vpliv na okolje in neciljne organizme.<\/p><h3>Izobra\u017eevanje in usposabljanje<\/h3><p>Nenehno <strong>izobra\u017eevanje<\/strong> in <strong>usposabljanje pridelovalcev rastlin<\/strong> o najnovej\u0161ih metodah in tehnologijah za obvladovanje bolezni in \u0161kodljivcev je klju\u010dnega pomena. Delavnice, seminarji in dostop do strokovne literature lahko pripomorejo k \u0161irjenju znanja in izbolj\u0161anju praks na terenu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e719aea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e719aea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d9710f\" data-id=\"6d9710f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a85ef24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a85ef24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Bolezni rastlin in \u0161kodljivci rastlin<\/h2><p>Spodaj vam predstavljamo bolezni in \u0161kodljivce rastlin, kdaj se pojavljajo in kak\u0161no \u0161kodo na rastlinah naredijo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18252f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18252f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3aa7645\" data-id=\"3aa7645\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3476622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3476622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Listne vrtnine &#8211; bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin:<\/h2><ul><li><strong>\u010crne in zelene u\u0161i<\/strong>: pojavljajo se v velikem \u0161tevilu na steblih in socvetjih rastlin.<\/li><li><strong>Kapusova sovka<\/strong>: na listih napadenih rastlin so razli\u010dne velike luknjice, ki so jih izgrizle rumenkasto rjave gosenice teh metuljev. Na zelju in sorodnih rastlinah (rde\u010da pesa, repa \u2026) se te gosenice zarinejo v sr\u010dek glave in z iztrebki onesna\u017eijo vse u\u017eitne rastline.<\/li><li><strong>Kapusov belin<\/strong>: listi napadenih rastlin so preluknjani in nacefrani, sr\u010dika glave pa prevrtana z rovi v katerih so modrikasto zelene gosenice kapusovega belina. Prizadete rastline so: zelje, ohrovt, brokoli, brsti\u010dni ohrovt \u2026<\/li><li><strong>Zelenin listni zavrta\u010d<\/strong>: li\u010dinke teh muh vrtajo rove v liste in povzro\u010dajo nastanek rjavih lis. Listi se nagrban\u010dijo in posu\u0161ijo, njihovi peclji pa postanejo grenkega okusa. V listih so v\u010dasih vidne tudi rjave bube. Prizadeta rastlina: zelena. Posevek pognojite s teko\u010dim organskim gnojilom kater vsebuje ve\u010d du\u0161ika.<\/li><li><strong>\u010cebulna muha<\/strong>: \u010debulne \u010debulice so prepredene z rovi. Rastline zaradi teh po\u0161kodb hirajo in pogosto propadejo. Prizadete rastline so \u010debula in \u0161alotka.<\/li><li><strong>Pol\u017ei<\/strong> <strong>lazarji:<\/strong> ti goli pol\u017ei napadajo ve\u010dino vrtnin, \u0161e zlasti so jim v\u0161e\u010d mlade rastline s so\u010dnimi listi.<\/li><li><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">Listne rje:<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px\"> zna\u010dilna znamenja teh bolezni so oran\u017ene lise na listih. Rje napadejo endivijo, \u0161pina\u010do in tudi por. Zelje in druge kapusnice pogosto oku\u017ei bela rja, ki je prepoznavna po beli trosni prevleki na listih.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f061ce5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f061ce5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232986a\" data-id=\"232986a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2ee646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2ee646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Korenovke &#8211; bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin:<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Korenjeva muha<\/strong>: korenine so prepredene z ozkimi rovi, na zunanjosti pa so rjave brazgotinaste \u010drte. Napadene rastline hirajo in v nekaterih primerih propadejo. Povzro\u010diteljice teh po\u0161kodb so rumenkasto bele \u017eerke korenjeve muhe. Li\u010dinke so dolge prib. 7 mm, odrasle muhe pa so ble\u0161\u010de\u010de \u010drne s prosojnimi krili in rde\u010dkasto rumenimi nogami. Prizadete rastline so: endivija, korenje, pastinak, gomoljna zelena.<\/li><li><strong>Koloradski hro\u0161\u010d<\/strong>: Listi so ob\u017erti in na gosto preluknjani, v huj\u0161ih primerih pa po\u017erti vse do peclja. Hro\u0161\u010di so dolgi prib. 1 cm. Samice odlagajo skupine jaj\u010dec na spodnjo listno ploskev. Hro\u0161\u010di so zna\u010dilno \u010drno in rumeno progasti, li\u010dinke pa imajo \u010drne lisena ro\u017enatem, rde\u010dem in v\u010dasih rumenem telesu. Prizadete rastline: krompir.<\/li><li><strong>Bolha\u010di<\/strong>: ti majhni hro\u0161\u010dki se hranijo s sejanci zeljevk, kolerabe, rde\u010de pese, repe in redkvic.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00220d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00220d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/bolhac-4-web-1024x683px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-96671\" alt=\"bolha\u010d - \u0161kodljivci rastlin\" srcset=\"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/bolhac-4-web-1024x683px.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/bolhac-4-web-1024x683px-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/bolhac-4-web-1024x683px-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/bolhac-4-web-1024x683px-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bolha\u010d<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a846f52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a846f52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Strune<\/strong>: korenine in gomolji so preluknjani z ozkimi rovi, v katerih \u017eivijo tanke, 2-3 cm dolge li\u010dinke pokalic. Li\u010dinke se hranijo z rastlinami do 5 let in se \u0161ele potem preobrazijo v odrasle hro\u0161\u010de. Prizadete rastline: belu\u0161i, korenje, krompir, rde\u010da pesa,\u2026<\/li><li><strong>Rde\u010di pajek ali pr\u0161ica prelka<\/strong>: ki napada gomoljno zeleno in povzro\u010da lisavost listov. Ti \u010dez nekaj \u010dasa porumenijo, ovenijo in odmrejo. Pr\u0161ica prelka napada tudi grah, jedilne bu\u010de in bu\u010dke, kumare, navadni in tur\u0161ki fi\u017eol ter paradi\u017enik. Proti tem \u0161kodljivcem pomaga pr\u0161enje z vodo, ker se te pr\u0161ice najbolje po\u010dutijo v suhih razmerah.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c7a32a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c7a32a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a45bc4\" data-id=\"2a45bc4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2459d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2459d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Plodovke in stro\u010dnice &#8211; bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin:<\/h2><ul><li><strong>\u010crna fi\u017eolova u\u0161<\/strong>: spomladi se pojavi na listih in steblih rde\u010de pese in boba, v poletnem \u010dasu pa na navadnem in tur\u0161kem fi\u017eolu. Velike skupine povzro\u010dajo po\u010dasnej\u0161o rast in hiranje napadenih rastlin.<\/li><li><strong>Listni mozai\u010dni virus<\/strong>: posebej ob\u010dutljive so kumare, jedilne bu\u010dke in paradi\u017enik. Na listih se pojavijo mozaiku podobna lisavost, listi se deformirajo in skr\u010dijo. Mladi poganjki se kodrasto zvijajo, rastlina zakrkne in pred\u010dasno odmre.<\/li><li><strong>Rastlinjakov \u0161\u010ditkar<\/strong>: so \u0161kodljive \u017eu\u017eelke katere napadajo razli\u010dne vrste plodovk in s sesanjem rastlinskih sokov povzro\u010dajo hiranje rastlin.<\/li><li><strong>Fi\u017eolova rja<\/strong>: na zgornji listni ploskvi nastajajo drobni rumeni mehur\u010dki, spodnja ploskev pa kazijo veliki beli mehurji, kakr\u0161ni se nazadnje pojavijo in nato po\u010drnijo. Fi\u017eol gojite v dobro pognojenih tleh in ga nato redno gnojite s teko\u010dim organskim gnojilom z pove\u010dano koli\u010dino du\u0161ikom. Prizadete rastline so nizek in visok fi\u017eol.<\/li><li><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">Krompirjeva in paradi\u017enikova gniloba<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">: gliva <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 16px\">Phytophtora<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 16px\"> oku\u017ei in uni\u010di najprej liste, nato pa \u0161e sade\u017ee krompirja in paradi\u017enika. Raz\u0161irja se zlasti poleti ob toplem vremenu z visoko zra\u010dno vla\u017enostjo.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Pepelasta plesen<\/strong>: Povzro\u010da belo, pra\u0161kasto prevleko na listih in steblih. Plesen se pojavi v suhem in toplem vremenu, vendar visoka vla\u017enost spodbuja njeno \u0161irjenje.<\/li><li><strong>Plesen graha<\/strong>: Povzro\u010da bledo rumene lise na zgornji strani listov, s sivim puhastim premazom na spodnji strani. Bolezen uspeva v vla\u017enih in hladnih razmerah.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f67c0ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f67c0ee\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9df3216\" data-id=\"9df3216\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa182b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa182b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Okrasne rastline in sadno drevje &#8211; bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin:<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Listne u\u0161i: <\/strong>zelenkaste ali \u010drne u\u0161i se pojavijo prete\u017eno na mladih delih rastlin. Mladi listi in poganjki se zvijajo, krnijo ali kodrajo. Pojavijo se predvsem spomladi in zgodaj poleti.<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e581df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e581df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Rdece-listne-usi-2-web-1024x683px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-96672\" alt=\"Listne u\u0161i - \u0161kodljivci rastlin\" srcset=\"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Rdece-listne-usi-2-web-1024x683px.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Rdece-listne-usi-2-web-1024x683px-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Rdece-listne-usi-2-web-1024x683px-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Rdece-listne-usi-2-web-1024x683px-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab8ee36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab8ee36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Bela muha-<\/strong> <strong>rastlinjakov \u0161\u010ditkar<\/strong>: najdemo jih na spodnji strani listov, ob dotiku zletijo. Pojavijo se predvsem na rastlinah v rastlinjakih in fuksijah. Ob mrazu odrasle rastline odmrejo.<\/li><li><strong>Kaparji<\/strong>: so nepremi\u010dne \u017eivali, zamaskirane pod trdim pokrovom. Nezavarovani in premi\u010dni so samo v mladostnem stadiju. Pojavljajo se na sadnem drevju, zimzelenih rastlinah in citrusih.<\/li><li><strong>Pepelasta plesen<\/strong>: pojavlja se na vrtnicah, trajnicah, jagodah \u2026 Znak pepelaste plesni je bel poprh na cvetovih, listih in poganjkih.<\/li><li><strong>Pu\u0161panova ve\u0161\u010da<\/strong>: je invazivni \u0161kodljivec, ki napada pu\u0161pan, povzro\u010da obse\u017eno \u0161kodo in lahko popolnoma uni\u010di rastline. Zaradi hitrega \u0161irjenja in visoke odpornosti na pesticide je njeno obvladovanje izziv za vrtnarje in krajinske arhitekte.<\/li><li><strong>Japonski hro\u0161\u010d<\/strong>: je invazivna vrsta hro\u0161\u010da, ki napada \u0161irok spekter rastlin, vklju\u010dno z vrtnicami, trto, sadnim drevjem in travo. Njegove li\u010dinke po\u0161kodujejo korenine, medtem ko odrasli hro\u0161\u010di prehranjujejo liste, cvetove in plodove, kar lahko povzro\u010di resno \u0161kodo na pridelkih in okrasnih rastlinah.<\/li><li><strong>Hru\u0161ev o\u017eig<\/strong>: je zelo nalezljiva bakterijska bolezen, ki prizadene hru\u0161ke, jablane in druge rastline iz dru\u017eine ro\u017enic. Bolezen povzro\u010da venenje, \u010drnenje in su\u0161enje cvetov, poganjkov in vej, pogosto pa daje rastlinam videz, kot da so bile o\u017egane z ognjem, kar lahko vodi do resnih po\u0161kodb ali celo do odmiranja dreves.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cca62e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4cca62e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1783b2a\" data-id=\"1783b2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9943665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9943665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin so stalna gro\u017enja za kmetijsko proizvodnjo, vendar pa s celovitim in trajnostnim pristopom lahko zmanj\u0161amo njihov vpliv. Uporaba preventivnih ukrepov, redno spremljanje stanja rastlin, integrirano varstvo rastlin in stalno izobra\u017eevanje so klju\u010dni elementi uspe\u0161nega obvladovanja teh izzivov. Z u\u010dinkovitim upravljanjem lahko zagotovimo zdrave rastline, pove\u010damo pridelke in prispevamo k trajnostnemu razvoju kmetijstva.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin so no\u010dna mora vsakega vrtnarja in vrtnarke. V nasvetu smo predstavili razli\u010dne bolezni in \u0161kodljivce, ki prizadenejo listne vrtnine, korenovke, plodovke in stro\u010dnice, okrasne rastline in sadno drevje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":96669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasveti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci rastlin \u2013 jih poznate? - HomeOgarden.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bolezni in \u0161kodljivci na rastlinah. 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