{"id":187405,"date":"2026-09-01T13:52:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T11:52:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/?p=187405"},"modified":"2026-09-01T13:52:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T11:52:07","slug":"semena-pred-iztekom-roka-in-semena-s-pretecenim-rokom-jih-lahko-se-posejemo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/nasveti\/semena-pred-iztekom-roka-in-semena-s-pretecenim-rokom-jih-lahko-se-posejemo\/","title":{"rendered":"Semena pred iztekom roka in semena s prete\u010denim rokom – jih lahko \u0161e posejemo?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Ste med pospravljanjem na\u0161li vre\u010dko semen, na kateri pi\u0161e, da rok uporabe kmalu pote\u010de ali pa je \u017ee potekel? Ne zavrzite jih takoj. Datum na embala\u017ei ne pomeni, da bodo semena naslednji dan nenadoma izgubila sposobnost kalitve. Pri pravilnem shranjevanju so lahko \u0161tevilna semena uporabna \u0161e ve\u010d let, vendar njihova kaljivost s starostjo postopoma upada. <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kaj pravzaprav je seme?<\/h2>

Seme<\/a> je \u017eiv rastlinski material v stanju mirovanja. V njem se nahajajo zarodek bodo\u010de rastline, zaloga hranil in za\u0161\u010ditna semenska ovojnica<\/strong>. Ko dobi ustrezno koli\u010dino vode, kisika in primerno temperaturo, se za\u010dne proces kalitve.<\/p>

Toda seme ne ostane \u017eivo neskon\u010dno dolgo. Med skladi\u0161\u010denjem po\u010dasi izgublja vitalnost, hitrost tega procesa pa je odvisna predvsem od vrste rastline, starosti semena, temperature in vlage med skladi\u0161\u010denjem<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Zakaj semenom sploh pote\u010de rok?<\/h3>

Datum oziroma leto na vre\u010dki je predvsem podatek, povezan z obdobjem, za katero je bilo seme pakirano oziroma preverjeno za prodajo. Prete\u010den datum zato \u0161e ne pomeni mrtvega semena.<\/strong><\/p>

Bolj pravilno je govoriti o upadanju kaljivosti<\/strong>. \u010ce je imelo sve\u017ee seme zelo dobro kaljivost, bo po nekaj letih morda vzkalil le \u0161e del semen.<\/p>

Zato dve enako stari vre\u010dki semen nista nujno enako uporabni. Ena je bila lahko shranjena v hladnem in suhem prostoru, druga pa ve\u010d poletij v vro\u010di in vla\u017eni vrtni lopi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"kaljivost\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Semenom bo rok potekel \u010dez eno leto, bodo \u0161e kalila?<\/h4>

Da. Brez skrbi jih lahko uporabimo.<\/strong><\/p>

\u010ce je do navedenega roka oziroma sezone uporabe \u0161e eno leto in so bila semena pravilno skladi\u0161\u010dena, ni razloga, da bi jih zavrgli. Tudi \u0161tevilna semena, ki so eno leto \u010dez navedeno sezono, \u0161e vedno dobro kalijo. Raziskava testa kaljivosti navaja, da je ve\u010dina pravilno shranjenih semen uporabna vsaj \u0161e eno leto po sezoni, za katero so bila pakirana.<\/p>

Zato je smiselno najprej porabiti starej\u0161e zaloge in \u0161ele nato odpirati nove vre\u010dke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Zanimivost<\/h3>

Vsa semena se ne starajo enako hitro. Medtem ko imajo semena \u010debule praviloma precej kraj\u0161o \u017eivljenjsko dobo, lahko semena nekaterih kapusnic, kumar ali solate ob dobrem skladi\u0161\u010denju ostanejo uporabna ve\u010d let. \nZato pri semenih ne velja preprosto pravilo \u00bbprete\u010den rok = neuporabno\u00ab.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kaj pa semena, ki so \u017ee \u010dez rok?<\/h2>

Tudi ta niso avtomati\u010dno za v smeti<\/strong>.<\/p>

Razli\u010dne rastlinske vrste ohranijo kalivost razli\u010dno dolgo. Ob dobrem skladi\u0161\u010denju so okvirne razlike precej velike: \u010debula<\/strong> pribli\u017eno 1 leto, koruza<\/a> in paprika<\/strong> okoli 2 leti, fi\u017eol<\/strong>, grah<\/strong> in korenje<\/a> okoli 3 leta, paradi\u017enik <\/strong>pribli\u017eno 4 leta, kumare<\/strong>, solata<\/strong>, redkvica<\/strong>, brokoli<\/strong> in zelje<\/strong> pa lahko pribli\u017eno 5 let. Gre za okvirne vrednosti ob dobrem skladi\u0161\u010denju, ne za zagotovljen rok posamezne vre\u010dke.<\/p>

Starost semena je zato samo namig – najbolj\u0161i odgovor nam da test kaljivosti.<\/strong><\/p>

Preprost doma\u010di test kaljivosti <\/strong><\/p>

Pred setvijo starej\u0161ih semen naredimo majhen preizkus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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VRTNARSKI TRIK<\/h3>

Vzemite 10 semen in jih polo\u017eite na navla\u017eeno papirnato brisa\u010do. Brisa\u010da mora biti vla\u017ena, vendar ne premo\u010dena. Prepognite jo, polo\u017eite v vre\u010dko ali zaprto posodo in postavite na primerno toplo mesto.\nPo \u010dasu, ki ga posamezna vrsta potrebuje za kalitev, pre\u0161tejte vzkaljena semena. Tak preizkus je uveljavljen na\u010din doma\u010dega preverjanja kalivosti starej\u0161ih semen. \n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pri desetih semenih je ra\u010dun zelo preprost:<\/p>

9 semen vzklije = 90 % kaljivost<\/strong>
7 semen vzklije = 70 % kaljivost<\/strong>
5 semen vzklije = 50 % kaljivost<\/strong>
2 semena vzklijeta = 20 % kaljivost<\/strong><\/p>

\u010ce vzklije 8 ali 9 od desetih, lahko seme praviloma normalno posejemo. \u010ce je kalivost slab\u0161a, lahko sejemo nekoliko gosteje. \u010ce vzklije manj kot polovica semen, je predvsem pri pomembnih posevkih smiselno razmisliti o sve\u017eem semenu.<\/p>

Izberite ekolo\u0161ka semena: <\/strong>https:\/\/homeogarden.com\/sl\/eko-semena\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"prete\u010dena\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ali staro seme pomeni slab\u0161o rastlino?<\/h2>

Ne nujno. \u010ce starej\u0161e seme uspe\u0161no kali in se razvije v zdravo sadiko, sama starost semena ne pomeni, da bo odrasla rastlina avtomati\u010dno slab\u0161a<\/strong>.<\/p>

Glavna te\u017eava starega semena je predvsem manj\u0161a in pogosto tudi manj enakomerna kaljivost. Tako lahko namesto desetih pri\u010dakovanih sadik dobimo samo tri ali \u0161tiri.<\/p>

Kako podalj\u0161amo uporabnost semen?<\/h4>

Najve\u010dja sovra\u017enika shranjenega semena sta predvsem vlaga in toplota<\/strong>.<\/p>

Semena hranimo v hladnem, suhem in temnem prostoru. Dobro posu\u0161ena semena lahko shranimo v ozna\u010denih papirnatih vre\u010dkah<\/strong>, te pa nato v dobro zaprti posodi. Za dalj\u0161e shranjevanje je lahko primeren tudi hladilnik, vendar morajo biti semena v nepredu\u0161no zaprti embala\u017ei, da jih ne dose\u017ee vlaga.<\/p>

Na vsako vre\u010dko je dobro zapisati vrsto, sorto in leto<\/strong>, saj \u010dez nekaj sezon hitro pozabimo, koliko je seme dejansko staro.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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TRIK<\/h3>

Starej\u0161ih semen ne zavrzite brez testa\n\u010ce imate ve\u010d vre\u010dk semen s prete\u010denim rokom, jih pozimi ali nekaj tednov pred na\u010drtovano setvijo razvrstite po letnicah in naredite test kaljivosti. Tako boste pravo\u010dasno vedeli, katera semena lahko uporabite in katera morate nadomestiti. Pri semenih, ki so samo leto ali dve starej\u0161a, boste lahko presene\u010deni, koliko jih je \u0161e vedno popolnoma kaljivih.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vre\u010dke semen, ki jim bo rok kmalu potekel, lahko brez te\u017eav uporabimo, pravilno shranjena semena pa so lahko kaljiva tudi po navedenem roku. S staranjem predvsem postopoma pada odstotek kalivosti, pri \u010demer so med posameznimi rastlinskimi vrstami velike razlike. Preden stare zaloge zavr\u017eemo, naredimo preprost test kaljivosti na vla\u017eni papirnati brisa\u010di. Tako zmanj\u0161amo zavr\u017eke, prihranimo denar in morda uspe\u0161no porabimo semena, na katera smo \u017ee skoraj pozabili.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ste med pospravljanjem na\u0161li vre\u010dko semen, na kateri pi\u0161e, da rok uporabe kmalu pote\u010de ali pa je \u017ee potekel? Ne zavrzite jih takoj. Datum na embala\u017ei ne pomeni, da bodo semena naslednji dan nenadoma izgubila sposobnost kalitve. Pri pravilnem shranjevanju so lahko \u0161tevilna semena uporabna \u0161e ve\u010d let, vendar njihova kaljivost s starostjo postopoma upada. […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":187416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasveti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSemena s prete\u010denim rokom - jih lahko \u0161e posejemo?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"So semena s prete\u010denim rokom \u0161e kaljiva? 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